ec.js

// Basic Javascript Elliptic Curve implementation
// Ported loosely from BouncyCastle's Java EC code
// Only Fp curves implemented for now

// Requires jsbn.js and jsbn2.js
var BigInteger = require('jsbn').BigInteger
var Barrett = BigInteger.prototype.Barrett

// ----------------
// ECFieldElementFp

// constructor
function ECFieldElementFp(q,x) {
    this.x = x;
    // TODO if(x.compareTo(q) >= 0) error
    this.q = q;
}

function feFpEquals(other) {
    if(other == this) return true;
    return (this.q.equals(other.q) && this.x.equals(other.x));
}

function feFpToBigInteger() {
    return this.x;
}

function feFpNegate() {
    return new ECFieldElementFp(this.q, this.x.negate().mod(this.q));
}

function feFpAdd(b) {
    return new ECFieldElementFp(this.q, this.x.add(b.toBigInteger()).mod(this.q));
}

function feFpSubtract(b) {
    return new ECFieldElementFp(this.q, this.x.subtract(b.toBigInteger()).mod(this.q));
}

function feFpMultiply(b) {
    return new ECFieldElementFp(this.q, this.x.multiply(b.toBigInteger()).mod(this.q));
}

function feFpSquare() {
    return new ECFieldElementFp(this.q, this.x.square().mod(this.q));
}

function feFpDivide(b) {
    return new ECFieldElementFp(this.q, this.x.multiply(b.toBigInteger().modInverse(this.q)).mod(this.q));
}

ECFieldElementFp.prototype.equals = feFpEquals;
ECFieldElementFp.prototype.toBigInteger = feFpToBigInteger;
ECFieldElementFp.prototype.negate = feFpNegate;
ECFieldElementFp.prototype.add = feFpAdd;
ECFieldElementFp.prototype.subtract = feFpSubtract;
ECFieldElementFp.prototype.multiply = feFpMultiply;
ECFieldElementFp.prototype.square = feFpSquare;
ECFieldElementFp.prototype.divide = feFpDivide;

// ----------------
// ECPointFp

// constructor
function ECPointFp(curve,x,y,z) {
    this.curve = curve;
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
    // Projective coordinates: either zinv == null or z * zinv == 1
    // z and zinv are just BigIntegers, not fieldElements
    if(z == null) {
      this.z = BigInteger.ONE;
    }
    else {
      this.z = z;
    }
    this.zinv = null;
    //TODO: compression flag
}

function pointFpGetX() {
    if(this.zinv == null) {
      this.zinv = this.z.modInverse(this.curve.q);
    }
    var r = this.x.toBigInteger().multiply(this.zinv);
    this.curve.reduce(r);
    return this.curve.fromBigInteger(r);
}

function pointFpGetY() {
    if(this.zinv == null) {
      this.zinv = this.z.modInverse(this.curve.q);
    }
    var r = this.y.toBigInteger().multiply(this.zinv);
    this.curve.reduce(r);
    return this.curve.fromBigInteger(r);
}

function pointFpEquals(other) {
    if(other == this) return true;
    if(this.isInfinity()) return other.isInfinity();
    if(other.isInfinity()) return this.isInfinity();
    var u, v;
    // u = Y2 * Z1 - Y1 * Z2
    u = other.y.toBigInteger().multiply(this.z).subtract(this.y.toBigInteger().multiply(other.z)).mod(this.curve.q);
    if(!u.equals(BigInteger.ZERO)) return false;
    // v = X2 * Z1 - X1 * Z2
    v = other.x.toBigInteger().multiply(this.z).subtract(this.x.toBigInteger().multiply(other.z)).mod(this.curve.q);
    return v.equals(BigInteger.ZERO);
}

function pointFpIsInfinity() {
    if((this.x == null) && (this.y == null)) return true;
    return this.z.equals(BigInteger.ZERO) && !this.y.toBigInteger().equals(BigInteger.ZERO);
}

function pointFpNegate() {
    return new ECPointFp(this.curve, this.x, this.y.negate(), this.z);
}

function pointFpAdd(b) {
    if(this.isInfinity()) return b;
    if(b.isInfinity()) return this;

    // u = Y2 * Z1 - Y1 * Z2
    var u = b.y.toBigInteger().multiply(this.z).subtract(this.y.toBigInteger().multiply(b.z)).mod(this.curve.q);
    // v = X2 * Z1 - X1 * Z2
    var v = b.x.toBigInteger().multiply(this.z).subtract(this.x.toBigInteger().multiply(b.z)).mod(this.curve.q);

    if(BigInteger.ZERO.equals(v)) {
        if(BigInteger.ZERO.equals(u)) {
            return this.twice(); // this == b, so double
        }
	return this.curve.getInfinity(); // this = -b, so infinity
    }

    var THREE = new BigInteger("3");
    var x1 = this.x.toBigInteger();
    var y1 = this.y.toBigInteger();
    var x2 = b.x.toBigInteger();
    var y2 = b.y.toBigInteger();

    var v2 = v.square();
    var v3 = v2.multiply(v);
    var x1v2 = x1.multiply(v2);
    var zu2 = u.square().multiply(this.z);

    // x3 = v * (z2 * (z1 * u^2 - 2 * x1 * v^2) - v^3)
    var x3 = zu2.subtract(x1v2.shiftLeft(1)).multiply(b.z).subtract(v3).multiply(v).mod(this.curve.q);
    // y3 = z2 * (3 * x1 * u * v^2 - y1 * v^3 - z1 * u^3) + u * v^3
    var y3 = x1v2.multiply(THREE).multiply(u).subtract(y1.multiply(v3)).subtract(zu2.multiply(u)).multiply(b.z).add(u.multiply(v3)).mod(this.curve.q);
    // z3 = v^3 * z1 * z2
    var z3 = v3.multiply(this.z).multiply(b.z).mod(this.curve.q);

    return new ECPointFp(this.curve, this.curve.fromBigInteger(x3), this.curve.fromBigInteger(y3), z3);
}

function pointFpTwice() {
    if(this.isInfinity()) return this;
    if(this.y.toBigInteger().signum() == 0) return this.curve.getInfinity();

    // TODO: optimized handling of constants
    var THREE = new BigInteger("3");
    var x1 = this.x.toBigInteger();
    var y1 = this.y.toBigInteger();

    var y1z1 = y1.multiply(this.z);
    var y1sqz1 = y1z1.multiply(y1).mod(this.curve.q);
    var a = this.curve.a.toBigInteger();

    // w = 3 * x1^2 + a * z1^2
    var w = x1.square().multiply(THREE);
    if(!BigInteger.ZERO.equals(a)) {
      w = w.add(this.z.square().multiply(a));
    }
    w = w.mod(this.curve.q);
    //this.curve.reduce(w);
    // x3 = 2 * y1 * z1 * (w^2 - 8 * x1 * y1^2 * z1)
    var x3 = w.square().subtract(x1.shiftLeft(3).multiply(y1sqz1)).shiftLeft(1).multiply(y1z1).mod(this.curve.q);
    // y3 = 4 * y1^2 * z1 * (3 * w * x1 - 2 * y1^2 * z1) - w^3
    var y3 = w.multiply(THREE).multiply(x1).subtract(y1sqz1.shiftLeft(1)).shiftLeft(2).multiply(y1sqz1).subtract(w.square().multiply(w)).mod(this.curve.q);
    // z3 = 8 * (y1 * z1)^3
    var z3 = y1z1.square().multiply(y1z1).shiftLeft(3).mod(this.curve.q);

    return new ECPointFp(this.curve, this.curve.fromBigInteger(x3), this.curve.fromBigInteger(y3), z3);
}

// Simple NAF (Non-Adjacent Form) multiplication algorithm
// TODO: modularize the multiplication algorithm
function pointFpMultiply(k) {
    if(this.isInfinity()) return this;
    if(k.signum() == 0) return this.curve.getInfinity();

    var e = k;
    var h = e.multiply(new BigInteger("3"));

    var neg = this.negate();
    var R = this;

    var i;
    for(i = h.bitLength() - 2; i > 0; --i) {
	R = R.twice();

	var hBit = h.testBit(i);
	var eBit = e.testBit(i);

	if (hBit != eBit) {
	    R = R.add(hBit ? this : neg);
	}
    }

    return R;
}

// Compute this*j + x*k (simultaneous multiplication)
function pointFpMultiplyTwo(j,x,k) {
  var i;
  if(j.bitLength() > k.bitLength())
    i = j.bitLength() - 1;
  else
    i = k.bitLength() - 1;

  var R = this.curve.getInfinity();
  var both = this.add(x);
  while(i >= 0) {
    R = R.twice();
    if(j.testBit(i)) {
      if(k.testBit(i)) {
        R = R.add(both);
      }
      else {
        R = R.add(this);
      }
    }
    else {
      if(k.testBit(i)) {
        R = R.add(x);
      }
    }
    --i;
  }

  return R;
}

ECPointFp.prototype.getX = pointFpGetX;
ECPointFp.prototype.getY = pointFpGetY;
ECPointFp.prototype.equals = pointFpEquals;
ECPointFp.prototype.isInfinity = pointFpIsInfinity;
ECPointFp.prototype.negate = pointFpNegate;
ECPointFp.prototype.add = pointFpAdd;
ECPointFp.prototype.twice = pointFpTwice;
ECPointFp.prototype.multiply = pointFpMultiply;
ECPointFp.prototype.multiplyTwo = pointFpMultiplyTwo;

// ----------------
// ECCurveFp

// constructor
function ECCurveFp(q,a,b) {
    this.q = q;
    this.a = this.fromBigInteger(a);
    this.b = this.fromBigInteger(b);
    this.infinity = new ECPointFp(this, null, null);
    this.reducer = new Barrett(this.q);
}

function curveFpGetQ() {
    return this.q;
}

function curveFpGetA() {
    return this.a;
}

function curveFpGetB() {
    return this.b;
}

function curveFpEquals(other) {
    if(other == this) return true;
    return(this.q.equals(other.q) && this.a.equals(other.a) && this.b.equals(other.b));
}

function curveFpGetInfinity() {
    return this.infinity;
}

function curveFpFromBigInteger(x) {
    return new ECFieldElementFp(this.q, x);
}

function curveReduce(x) {
    this.reducer.reduce(x);
}

// for now, work with hex strings because they're easier in JS
function curveFpDecodePointHex(s) {
    switch(parseInt(s.substr(0,2), 16)) { // first byte
    case 0:
	return this.infinity;
    case 2:
    case 3:
	// point compression not supported yet
	return null;
    case 4:
    case 6:
    case 7:
	var len = (s.length - 2) / 2;
	var xHex = s.substr(2, len);
	var yHex = s.substr(len+2, len);

	return new ECPointFp(this,
			     this.fromBigInteger(new BigInteger(xHex, 16)),
			     this.fromBigInteger(new BigInteger(yHex, 16)));

    default: // unsupported
	return null;
    }
}

function curveFpEncodePointHex(p) {
	if (p.isInfinity()) return "00";
	var xHex = p.getX().toBigInteger().toString(16);
	var yHex = p.getY().toBigInteger().toString(16);
	var oLen = this.getQ().toString(16).length;
	if ((oLen % 2) != 0) oLen++;
	while (xHex.length < oLen) {
		xHex = "0" + xHex;
	}
	while (yHex.length < oLen) {
		yHex = "0" + yHex;
	}
	return "04" + xHex + yHex;
}

ECCurveFp.prototype.getQ = curveFpGetQ;
ECCurveFp.prototype.getA = curveFpGetA;
ECCurveFp.prototype.getB = curveFpGetB;
ECCurveFp.prototype.equals = curveFpEquals;
ECCurveFp.prototype.getInfinity = curveFpGetInfinity;
ECCurveFp.prototype.fromBigInteger = curveFpFromBigInteger;
ECCurveFp.prototype.reduce = curveReduce;
//ECCurveFp.prototype.decodePointHex = curveFpDecodePointHex;
ECCurveFp.prototype.encodePointHex = curveFpEncodePointHex;

// from: https://github.com/kaielvin/jsbn-ec-point-compression
ECCurveFp.prototype.decodePointHex = function(s)
{
	var yIsEven;
    switch(parseInt(s.substr(0,2), 16)) { // first byte
    case 0:
	return this.infinity;
    case 2:
	yIsEven = false;
    case 3:
	if(yIsEven == undefined) yIsEven = true;
	var len = s.length - 2;
	var xHex = s.substr(2, len);
	var x = this.fromBigInteger(new BigInteger(xHex,16));
	var alpha = x.multiply(x.square().add(this.getA())).add(this.getB());
	var beta = alpha.sqrt();

    if (beta == null) throw "Invalid point compression";

    var betaValue = beta.toBigInteger();
    if (betaValue.testBit(0) != yIsEven)
    {
        // Use the other root
        beta = this.fromBigInteger(this.getQ().subtract(betaValue));
    }
    return new ECPointFp(this,x,beta);
    case 4:
    case 6:
    case 7:
	var len = (s.length - 2) / 2;
	var xHex = s.substr(2, len);
	var yHex = s.substr(len+2, len);

	return new ECPointFp(this,
			     this.fromBigInteger(new BigInteger(xHex, 16)),
			     this.fromBigInteger(new BigInteger(yHex, 16)));

    default: // unsupported
	return null;
    }
}
ECCurveFp.prototype.encodeCompressedPointHex = function(p)
{
	if (p.isInfinity()) return "00";
	var xHex = p.getX().toBigInteger().toString(16);
	var oLen = this.getQ().toString(16).length;
	if ((oLen % 2) != 0) oLen++;
	while (xHex.length < oLen)
		xHex = "0" + xHex;
	var yPrefix;
	if(p.getY().toBigInteger().isEven()) yPrefix = "02";
	else                                 yPrefix = "03";

	return yPrefix + xHex;
}


ECFieldElementFp.prototype.getR = function()
{
	if(this.r != undefined) return this.r;

    this.r = null;
    var bitLength = this.q.bitLength();
    if (bitLength > 128)
    {
        var firstWord = this.q.shiftRight(bitLength - 64);
        if (firstWord.intValue() == -1)
        {
            this.r = BigInteger.ONE.shiftLeft(bitLength).subtract(this.q);
        }
    }
    return this.r;
}
ECFieldElementFp.prototype.modMult = function(x1,x2)
{
    return this.modReduce(x1.multiply(x2));
}
ECFieldElementFp.prototype.modReduce = function(x)
{
    if (this.getR() != null)
    {
        var qLen = q.bitLength();
        while (x.bitLength() > (qLen + 1))
        {
            var u = x.shiftRight(qLen);
            var v = x.subtract(u.shiftLeft(qLen));
            if (!this.getR().equals(BigInteger.ONE))
            {
                u = u.multiply(this.getR());
            }
            x = u.add(v); 
        }
        while (x.compareTo(q) >= 0)
        {
            x = x.subtract(q);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        x = x.mod(q);
    }
    return x;
}
ECFieldElementFp.prototype.sqrt = function()
{
    if (!this.q.testBit(0)) throw "unsupported";

    // p mod 4 == 3
    if (this.q.testBit(1))
    {
    	var z = new ECFieldElementFp(this.q,this.x.modPow(this.q.shiftRight(2).add(BigInteger.ONE),this.q));
    	return z.square().equals(this) ? z : null;
    }

    // p mod 4 == 1
    var qMinusOne = this.q.subtract(BigInteger.ONE);

    var legendreExponent = qMinusOne.shiftRight(1);
    if (!(this.x.modPow(legendreExponent, this.q).equals(BigInteger.ONE)))
    {
        return null;
    }

    var u = qMinusOne.shiftRight(2);
    var k = u.shiftLeft(1).add(BigInteger.ONE);

    var Q = this.x;
    var fourQ = modDouble(modDouble(Q));

    var U, V;
    do
    {
        var P;
        do
        {
            P = new BigInteger(this.q.bitLength(), new SecureRandom());
        }
        while (P.compareTo(this.q) >= 0
            || !(P.multiply(P).subtract(fourQ).modPow(legendreExponent, this.q).equals(qMinusOne)));

        var result = this.lucasSequence(P, Q, k);
        U = result[0];
        V = result[1];

        if (this.modMult(V, V).equals(fourQ))
        {
            // Integer division by 2, mod q
            if (V.testBit(0))
            {
                V = V.add(q);
            }

            V = V.shiftRight(1);

            return new ECFieldElementFp(q,V);
        }
    }
    while (U.equals(BigInteger.ONE) || U.equals(qMinusOne));

    return null;
}
ECFieldElementFp.prototype.lucasSequence = function(P,Q,k)
{
    var n = k.bitLength();
    var s = k.getLowestSetBit();

    var Uh = BigInteger.ONE;
    var Vl = BigInteger.TWO;
    var Vh = P;
    var Ql = BigInteger.ONE;
    var Qh = BigInteger.ONE;

    for (var j = n - 1; j >= s + 1; --j)
    {
        Ql = this.modMult(Ql, Qh);

        if (k.testBit(j))
        {
            Qh = this.modMult(Ql, Q);
            Uh = this.modMult(Uh, Vh);
            Vl = this.modReduce(Vh.multiply(Vl).subtract(P.multiply(Ql)));
            Vh = this.modReduce(Vh.multiply(Vh).subtract(Qh.shiftLeft(1)));
        }
        else
        {
            Qh = Ql;
            Uh = this.modReduce(Uh.multiply(Vl).subtract(Ql));
            Vh = this.modReduce(Vh.multiply(Vl).subtract(P.multiply(Ql)));
            Vl = this.modReduce(Vl.multiply(Vl).subtract(Ql.shiftLeft(1)));
        }
    }

    Ql = this.modMult(Ql, Qh);
    Qh = this.modMult(Ql, Q);
    Uh = this.modReduce(Uh.multiply(Vl).subtract(Ql));
    Vl = this.modReduce(Vh.multiply(Vl).subtract(P.multiply(Ql)));
    Ql = this.modMult(Ql, Qh);

    for (var j = 1; j <= s; ++j)
    {
        Uh = this.modMult(Uh, Vl);
        Vl = this.modReduce(Vl.multiply(Vl).subtract(Ql.shiftLeft(1)));
        Ql = this.modMult(Ql, Ql);
    }

    return [ Uh, Vl ];
}

var exports = {
  ECCurveFp: ECCurveFp,
  ECPointFp: ECPointFp,
  ECFieldElementFp: ECFieldElementFp
}

module.exports = exports